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The dark side of volatility

March 1, 2018 | Commentary

  • The sudden spike in volatility in the first week in February should have reminded everyone that market risks never leave the stage permanently. With the rapid rise in trading products based on VIX, an additional dynamic has been introduced. Rapid trades in one area like volatility-backed ETNs are quickly translated back to VIX futures and options contracts and then back to the S&P 500 options and ultimately the stock market. This seems to be a case where the volatility tail wagged the stock market dog.
  • Exchange-traded options on individual stocks began in 1973 at the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). A decade later the first index futures began trading on U.S. stocks with index options following shortly thereafter. These simple tools continue to be effective in managing risks inside equity portfolios, but they have spawned activities that have little to do with anything but short-term trading.
  • The VIX is the most popular measure of stock market volatility, being based on the implied volatility of S&P 500 Index options. Once it was simply used as an indicator of market conditions, like temperature or wind speed. In 2004, VIX futures were introduced by CBOE and two years later options were introduced. These products made it easy to trade volatility directly. They also allowed the creation of Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs) and structured products that are sold to the public.
  • Most investors don’t understand the basics of options and how they translate into VIX. That has not stopped billions of dollars from being invested into VIX-based products, betting on either increases or declines in market volatility. From the perspective of long-term investors, these products have always been fundamentally deficient. Market events in early February brought these flaws into focus. Sadly the tuition paid by the owners of these instruments to learn about them was quite steep.
  • Volatility should be managed through proper portfolio construction. Attempts to enhance returns by selling volatility and collecting implicit option premiums often disappointment. Retail-oriented products on either side of the volatility trade always come with careful disclaimers about how they might behave. It is time investors start taking those cautions seriously.

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